Harmful algal blooms and environmentally friendly control strategies in Japan

Abstract The presence and status of harmful algal blooms (HABs) in Japan are reviewed, revealing a decrease red tides; however, toxic found to be increasing western Japan. Environmentally friendly control strategies against HABs also compared with integrated agricultural pest management. Very high densities (10 5 –10 8 CFU/g) algicidal growth-inhibiting bacteria were biofilm on seagrass seaweed surfaces surrounding coastal seawater. situation freshwater ecosystems is similar seas for cyanobacterium, Microcystis aeruginosa , aquatic plants. These findings offer new insights into the ecology influential algae, suggesting that protection restoration native seagrasses seaweeds marine environments should implemented suppress HABs. Diatom successfully induced bottom sediment perturbation prevent occurrence flagellates such as Chattonella spp. Alexandrium catenella Seto Inland Sea; this method requires robust reproducible verification. “ Sato-Umi ” helpful concept HAB sea when adequately managed by people (e.g., appropriate perturbation; seaweeds, seagrasses, plants; application polycultures fish, etc.).